Local and Regional Forces - 2472 Words

Section B. Is local diversity a product of regional forces, local forces, or both, and how might we know? In ecology, the change in species diversity across space and time is one of the oldest studied subjects, however the underlying causes of many diversity patterns is under much debate (Field et al. 2001; MacArthur, 1972; Rosenzweig, 1995). How does diversity arise (Erwin 1991)? How is diversity distributed in space (Dean et al. 1997, Fonseca et al. 2000)? And how is diversity maintained (Lande, 1988)? Are three fundamental questions that ecologist look to answer. Early studies focused around the role of competition in determining diversity at local scales, today however it is emphasized that many factors on top of competition,†¦show more content†¦The second type of manipulation varies the isolation of regional areas from a species source region and thus the species pools for their embedded communities which is represented in a marine study where reef environments are associated with coral species assemblages (Cornell et al. 2004; 2008). Five regions with different diversi ties at three local scales along a longitudinal gradient from Indonesian archipelago, where species richness peaks at 600+ sp., to the French Polynesia, with only a peak of 130 (Cornell et al. 2004). The eastward decline in richness is explained by declining area of shallow water habitat within each region (Bellwood et al. 2005) partnered with isolation from the Indonesian diversity hotspot due to distance (Cornell amp; Karlson, 1998) and westward-flowing currents (Connolly et al. 2003) suggesting regional influence on species diversity. Slopes of regressions of log-LSR on log-RSR were linear suggesting local assemblages are again open to enrichment from regional species pool (Cornell et al. 2008). Following on from this, substantial literature has sought to document what has come to be termed the local–regional richness relationship (Caley amp; Schluter, 1997; Cornell, 1999; Cornell amp; Lawton, 1992; Gaston, 2000; Gaston amp; Koleff, 2002; Lawton,Show MoreRelatedLocal and Regional Forces2456 Words   |  10 PagesSection B. Is local diversity a product of regional forces, local forces, or both, and how might we know? In ecology, the change in species diversity across space and time is one of the oldest studied subjects, however the underlying causes of many diversity patterns is under much debate (Field et al. 2001; MacArthur, 1972; Rosenzweig, 1995). How does diversity arise (Erwin 1991)? How is diversity distributed in space (Dean et al. 1997, Fonseca et al. 2000)? And how is diversity maintained (LandeRead MoreUnited States Southern Command ( Southcom ) Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) has been working to build regional and interagency partnerships to ensure the continued stability of the Western Hemisphere and the forward defense of the U.S. homeland for more than fifty years. U.S. Southern Command is responsible to the Secretary of Defense and the President of the United States for national security interests through roughly one half of this hemisphere – 31 countries, 16 dependencies and areas of special sovereignty, and approximatelyRead Mor eThe Levels Of The Uk Government Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The levels of the UK government: European Parliament National/Central Government Regional Government Local Government What is the European Parliament: The European parliament is an elected parliamentary institution of the European union (EU) which was formed on November 1st 1993, they mainly focus on functions like legislation within the 28 member states that form up the European union to help sustain, control and create a political and economic community throughout Europe, theRead MoreThe League Of Nations1522 Words   |  7 Pagescreated in 1919 failed to prevent a second World War, nations –states have succeeded to create functional organizations which are more or less successful in setting a secure environment for humanity. 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